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href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/27/opinion/global-sadness-rising.html">nytimes.com</a>
        <h1 class="reader-title">Opinion | The Rising Tide of Global
          Sadness</h1>
        <div class="credits reader-credits">David Brooks</div>
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          <div class="reader-estimated-time" dir="ltr">6-7 minutes</div>
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                <p>David Brooks</p>
                <p><time datetime="2022-10-27T19:18:26-04:00">Oct. 27,
                    2022</time></p>
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                    <figcaption><span><span>Credit...</span><span><span
                            aria-hidden="false">Rafal Milach/Magnum
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                  <p>Taylor Swift was quite the romantic when she burst
                    on the scene in 2006. She sang about the ecstasies
                    of young love and the heartbreak of it. But her mood
                    has hardened as her star has risen. Her excellent
                    new album, “Midnights,” plays upon a string of
                    negative emotions — anxiety, restlessness,
                    exhaustion and occasionally anger.</p>
                  <p>“I don’t dress for women,” she sings at one point,
                    “I don’t dress for men/Lately I’ve been dressing for
                    revenge.”</p>
                  <p>It turns out Swift is part of a larger trend. The
                    researchers Charlotte Brand, Alberto Acerbi and Alex
                    Mesoudi <a
href="https://aeon.co/ideas/why-are-pop-songs-getting-sadder-than-they-used-to-be"
                      title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">analyzed</a>
                    more than 150,000 pop songs released between 1965
                    and 2015. Over that time, the appearance of the word
                    “love” in top-100 hits roughly halved. Meanwhile,
                    the number of times such songs contained negative
                    emotion words, like “hate” rose sharply.</p>
                  <p>Pop music isn’t the only thing that has gotten a
                    lot harsher. David Rozado, Ruth Hughes and Jamin
                    Halberstadt analyzed <a
href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0276367"
                      title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">23
                      million headlines</a> published between 2000 and
                    2019 by 47 news outlets popular in the United
                    States. The headlines, too, grew significantly more
                    negative, with a greater proportion of headlines
                    denoting anger, fear, disgust and sadness. Headlines
                    in left-leaning media got a lot more negative, and
                    headlines in right-leaning publications got even
                    more negative than that.</p>
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                  <p>The negativity in the culture reflects the
                    negativity in real life. The General Social Survey
                    asks people to rate their happiness levels. Between
                    1990 and 2018 the share of Americans who put
                    themselves in the lowest happiness category
                    increased by more than 50 percent. And that was
                    before the pandemic.</p>
                  <p>The really bad news is abroad. Each year Gallup
                    surveys roughly 150,000 people in over 140 countries
                    about their emotional lives. Experiences of negative
                    emotions — related to stress, sadness, anger, worry
                    and physical pain — hit a record high last year.</p>
                  <p>Gallup asks people in this survey to rate their
                    lives on a scale from zero to 10, with zero meaning
                    you’re living your worst possible life and 10
                    meaning you’re living your best. Sixteen years ago,
                    only 1.6 percent of people worldwide rated their
                    life as a zero. As of last year, the share of people
                    reporting the worst possible lives has more than
                    quadrupled. The unhappiest people are even
                    unhappier. In 2006, the bottom fifth of the
                    population gave themselves an average score of 2.5.
                    Fifteen years later, that average score in the
                    bottom quintile had dropped to 1.2.</p>
                  <p>In an interview, Jon Clifton, the C.E.O. of Gallup,
                    told me that in 2021, 21 percent of the people in
                    India gave themselves a zero rating. He said
                    negative emotions are rising in India and China,
                    Brazil and Mexico and many other nations. A lot of
                    people are pretty miserable at work. In the most
                    recent survey Gallup found that 20 percent of all
                    people are thriving at work, 62 percent are
                    indifferent on the job and 18 percent are miserable.</p>
                  <p>Part of the problem is declining community. The
                    polls imply that almost two billion people are so
                    unhappy where they live, they would not recommend
                    their community to a friend. This is especially true
                    in China and India.</p>
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                  <p>Part of the problem is hunger. In 2014, 22.6
                    percent of the world faced moderate or severe food
                    insecurity. By 2020, 30.4 percent of the world did.</p>
                  <p>Part of the problem is an increase in physical
                    misery. In 2006, 30 percent of people who rated
                    their lives the worst said they experienced daily
                    pain. Last year, 45 percent of those people said
                    they live with daily pain. Before the pandemic, the
                    experience of living with pain increased across all
                    age groups.</p>
                  <p>A lot of those numbers surprised me. Places like
                    China and India have gotten much richer. But
                    development does not necessarily lead to gains in
                    well-being, in part because development is often
                    accompanied by widening inequality. This is one of
                    the core points Clifton makes in his book “<a
                      href="https://www.gallup.com/analytics/394670/blindspot.aspx"
                      title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Blind
                      Spot: The Global Rise of Unhappiness and How
                      Leaders Missed It</a>.” We conventionally use
                    G.D.P. and other material measures to evaluate how
                    nations are doing. But these are often deeply flawed
                    measures of how actual people are experiencing their
                    lives.</p>
                  <p>Misery influences politics. James Carville famously
                    said, “It’s the economy, stupid.” But that’s too
                    narrow. Often it’s human flourishing, stupid,
                    including community cohesion, a sense of being
                    respected, social connection. George Ward of the
                    Massachusetts Institute of Technology has argued
                    that subjective measures of well-being are more
                    predictive of some election outcomes than economic
                    measures. Measures of well-being dropped in Tunisia
                    and Egypt before the Arab uprisings. Well-being
                    dropped in Britain before the Brexit vote. Counties
                    in the United States that saw the largest gain in
                    voting Republican for president between the 2012
                    election and Donald Trump’s election in 2016 were
                    also the counties where people rated their lives the
                    worst.</p>
                  <p>If misery levels keep rising, what can we expect in
                    the future? Well, rising levels of populism, for
                    one. And second, greater civil unrest across the
                    board. Clifton noted that according to the Global
                    Peace Index, civic discontent — riots, strikes,
                    anti-government demonstrations — increased by 244
                    percent from 2011 to 2019.</p>
                  <p>We live in a world of widening <a
href="https://news.gallup.com/opinion/gallup/401216/global-rise-unhappiness.aspx"
                      title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">emotional
                      inequality</a>. The top 20 percent of the world is
                    experiencing the highest level of happiness and
                    well-being since Gallup began measuring these
                    things. The bottom 20 percent is experiencing the
                    worst. It’s a fundamentally unjust and unstable
                    situation. The emotional health of the world is
                    shattering.</p>
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