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      <address><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/ron/2006-n41-42-ron1276/013152ar/">https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/ron/2006-n41-42-ron1276/013152ar/</a><br>
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          <p class="main-header__meta"><span class="surtitre">I. The
              Rossetti Archive, the Blake Archive, and Romantic Circles
              as Case Studies: The Transformation and Future of Romantic
              Scholarship</span></p>
          <h1 class="doc-head__title"><span class="titre">Digital
              Romanticism in the Age of Neo-Luddism: the Romantic
              Circles Experiment</span></h1>
          <ul class="grauteur doc-head__authors">
            <li class="auteur doc-head__author"><span class="nompers">Steven
                E. Jones</span></li>
          </ul>
          <div class="akkordion doc-head__more-info"
            data-akkordion-single="true"
            data-akkordion-initialized="true">
            <p class="akkordion-title" data-akkordion-active="true">…more
              information <span class="icon ion-ios-arrow-down"></span></p>
            <div class="akkordion-outer" data-akkordion-active="true"
              style="height: auto;">
              <ul class="akkordion-content unstyled" style="height:
                auto;" data-akkordion-active="true">
                <li class="auteur-affiliation">
                  <p><strong>Steven E. Jones</strong><br>
                    Loyola University Chicago</p>
                </li>
              </ul>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
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      <p>Online publication: July 4, 2006</p>
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      <h3>Abstract</h3>
      Abstract
      <p class="alinea">The Romantic Circles Website, along with a
        number of other major projects in digital Romanticism, came
        online around 1995, a historical moment that also saw the
        emergence of neo-Luddism, in part as a reaction to the
        techno-hype of the Internet boom. At the time. neo-Luddites
        often claimed as a precedent the original historical Luddism of
        1811-16, but they usually also Romanticized that collective
        labor subculture to fit their own late-twentieth-century ideas
        of “technology.” This essay looks back at the interlinked
        assumptions in the air around 1995–neo-Luddite and Romantic–as
        the context out of which Romantic Circles defined its own
        engaged experiment in technology. Iw ill cite specific examples
        of digital technologies from our first year (two editions about
        technology, including the technology of texts), and one from our
        most recent year (an experiment in podcasting), in order to
        explain how we at Romantic Circles have attempted to work at the
        crossroads of Romanticism and technology, while stubbornly
        refusing to play the role of "natural Luddites,"</p>
    </section>
    <h2 class="sr-only">Article body</h2>
    <blockquote class="epigraphe ">
      <p class="alinea">Another expression of a Luddistic kind, also
        contemporary with the Luddites, was Romanticism, beginning with
        Blake and Wordsworth and Byron particularly, who like the
        machine breakers were repulsed by the Satanic mills and
        getting-and-spending of the present and like them were mindful
        of the ruined paradise of the past.</p>
      <cite class="source">—- Kirkpatrick Sale (1995)</cite>
    </blockquote>
    <blockquote class="epigraphe ">
      <p class="alinea">Intellectuals and romantics like the poets
        Blake, Byron, Shelley and Wordsworth picked up that
        anti-technology theme, but identified with its other side. In
        the “dark Satanic mills” of industry, they saw the human spirit
        being stifled . . . .</p>
      <cite class="source">—- William Safire (1998)</cite>
    </blockquote>
    <div class="para" id="pa1">
      <p class="alinea">The Romantic Circles Website, along with a
        number of other major projects in digital Romanticism, came
        online around 1995, at the same historical moment when
        neo-Luddism emerged as a cultural phenomenon. This essay looks
        back at the interlinked assumptions in the air around
        1995–neo-Luddite and Romantic–as the context out of which
        Romantic Circles defined its own engaged experiment in
        technology. I will cite specific examples of digital
        technologies from our first year (two editions about technology,
        including the technology of texts), and one from our most recent
        year (an experiment in podcasting), in order to explain how we
        at Romantic Circles have attempted to work at the crossroads of
        Romanticism and technology, while stubbornly refusing to play
        the role of what C. P. Snow called "natural Luddites" (22).</p>
    </div>
    <div class="para" id="pa2">
      <p class="alinea">By now the association of Romanticism with the
        Luddites and, in turn, with the Luddites’ presumed
        anti-technology philosophy is widespread in popular culture. It
        also persists among some literary academics. My opening
        quotations above could have been multiplied indefinitely, but
        these two, from the most influential neo-Luddite writer of the
        1990s and from a popular newspaper columnist, together exemplify
        the moment around 1995 when technology “futures” (in every sense
        of the word) were at a peak, and when, in reaction, a
        neo-Luddite “movement” briefly arose and was reported on by the
        media.<a
href="https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/ron/2006-n41-42-ron1276/013152ar/#no1"
          id="re1no1" class="norenvoi" title="The article often cited by
          later neo-Luddites as an origin-text is Chellis Glendenning’s
          1990 “Towards a Neo-Luddite Manifesto.” For a historical look
          at the reception of the idea of[…]">[1]</a> What often went
        unnoticed at the time was how much this conflict between
        technology and its discontents depended on established clichés
        about Romanticism. Their politics may be very different but
        Kirkpatrick Sale and William Safire share the fundamental
        literary-historical assumption that the Romantics were “natural
        Luddites.” Romanticism, full of mindfulness, nostalgia and the
        transcendence of “the human spirit,” is on one side of the
        assumed opposition; the Satanic Mills of industry, consumerism,
        and technology are on the other.</p>
      <p class="alinea"><br>
      </p>
      <p class="alinea">[...]<br>
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