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                      <div class="field-item odd"> Digital Prospects </div>
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                    <div class="mitpressbook-contributor-Array">By <span
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                          href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/authors/byung-chul-han"><span
                            itemprop="name">Byung-Chul Han</span></a></span></div>
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                          href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/authors/erik-butler"><span
                            itemprop="name">Erik Butler</span></a></span></div>
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                <h2 class="pane-title">Overview</h2>
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                        <p>The shitstorm represents an authentic
                          phenomenon of digital communication.<br>
                          —from <i>In the Swarm</i><br>
                          <br>
                          Digital communication and social media have
                          taken over our lives. In this contrarian
                          reflection on digitized life, Byung-Chul Han
                          counters the cheerleaders for Twitter
                          revolutions and Facebook activism by arguing
                          that digital communication is in fact
                          responsible for the disintegration of
                          community and public space and is slowly
                          eroding any possibility for real political
                          action and meaningful political discourse. In
                          the predigital, analog era, by the time an
                          angry letter to the editor had been composed,
                          mailed, and received, the immediate agitation
                          had passed. Today, digital communication
                          enables instantaneous, impulsive reaction,
                          meant to express and stir up outrage on the
                          spot. “The shitstorm,” writes Han, ”represents
                          an authentic phenomenon of digital
                          communication.”<br>
                          <br>
                          Meanwhile, the public, the senders and
                          receivers of these communications have become
                          a digital swarm—not a mass, or a crowd, or
                          Negri and Hardt’s antiquated notion of a
                          “multitude,” but a set of isolated individuals
                          incapable of forming a “we,” incapable of
                          calling dominant power relations into
                          question, incapable of formulating a future
                          because of an obsession with the present. The
                          digital swarm is a fragmented entity that can
                          focus on individual persons only in order to
                          make them an object of scandal. <br>
                          <br>
                          Han, one of the most widely read philosophers
                          in Europe today, describes a society in which
                          information has overrun thought, in which the
                          same algorithms are employed by Facebook, the
                          stock market, and the intelligence services.
                          Democracy is under threat because digital
                          communication has made freedom and control
                          indistinguishable. Big Brother has been
                          succeeded by Big Data.</p>
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