[D66] Italy and Greece: rule by the bankers

[Antid Oto]

http://thenextrecession.wordpress.com/2011/11/10/italy-and-greece-rule-by-the-bankers/

Italy and Greece: rule by the bankers
By michael roberts

It looks as though, by Monday, both Greece and Italy will be ruled by so-called 
‘technocratic’ governments.  Even though both Greek prime minister George 
Papandreou and Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi were elected comfortably 
in parliamentary polls and were never defeated in any vote of confidence in 
parliament, they have been ousted – to be replaced by unelected ex-central 
bankers and former executives of hedge funds and investment banks.  From now on, 
financial markets will rule directly over the lives of the Italian and Greek people.

Democracy should be put above markets, said Papandreou.  Berlusconi said that 
the appointment of a government of technocrats would be “an undemocratic coup” 
that ignored the 2008 election result.  But it is still happening.  In Greece, 
Lucas Papademos will become prime minister.  He was head of the Greek central 
bank when Greece joined the euro and boasts of his leading role in achieving 
that.  Now he takes over in order to keep Greece in the euro, a decision that 
now President Sarkozi says was “a mistake”.  Papademos was in charge when Greek 
officials lied about their fiscal position to the EU authorities and he presided 
over the failure of the Greek government to collect taxes from rich Greeks (like 
himself).  But he is now the financial markets’ own man.  Greece is to be run by 
the very man most responsible for getting them into this mess.  It’s like Alan 
Greenspan taking over as President after Wall Street demanded President Obama 
step down for failing to cut entitlement spending enough to balance the budget!

In Italy, Mario Monti and  Giuliano Amato are to take over.  Monti is a 
mainstream economics professor who briefly worked for (guess who?) Goldman Sachs 
and then became EU competition commissioner for many years, where he insisted on 
  ‘liberalising and deregulating’ markets.  He is a close friend of the new ECB 
chief, ‘Super Mario’ Draghi, another Italian banker.  In the 1990s, when a 
number of countries, including Italy and Greece, engaged deliberately in credit 
swap transactions to take part of government debt and deficits off the official 
accounts with the connivance and help of Goldman Sachs in particular, Draghi was 
director general of the Italian Treasury and then joined Goldman Sachs 
(2002-2005).  Draghi and Papademos both got their doctorates in economics at MIT 
in 1978.  Amato is a ‘centre left’ ex prime minister who was close to the 
corrupt social democrat premier Craxi of the 1990s.  He was head of the Italian 
anti-trust commission which tried to deregulate the economy especially in 
financial services.

Now Silvio Berlusconi is like the Rupert Murdoch of Italy, only worse.  He is 
Italy’s media mogul who dominated politics there for 15 years through a range of 
trickery, bribery and corruption (he is facing up to 15 charges in the courts 
once he resigns), alongside his penchant for parties and young women.  His 
denial of any euro crisis was staggering.  He told the press only last week : 
“The life in Italy is the life of a wealthy country: consumptions haven’t 
diminished, it’s hard to find seats on planes, our restaurants are full of 
people.”  Speaking earlier at the NYSE, he said  “Italy is now a great country 
to invest in… today we have fewer communists and those who are still there deny 
having been one.   Another reason to invest in Italy is that we have beautiful 
secretaries… superb girls.”   In the earthquake that hit central Italy in 2009, 
he told homeless survivors that they should see their plight “like a weekend of 
camping.”  And so it went on.

But at least Berlusconi was elected.  Now he is to replaced not by new elected 
leader but by central bankers and investment bankers.  They will take orders 
from the EU, the ECB, and the IMF, the dread Troika.  The IMF is led by 
ex-French finance minister Christine Lagarde.  Lagarde used to head up a global 
law firm that advised on ‘creative accounting’ schemes for government debt and 
her deputy David Lipton used to work at Moore Capital, a global hedge fund.  The 
EU  body that will oversee the Greek bailout package and may buy Italian debt is 
the EFSF.  Its headed by Klaus Regling, who worked at hedge fund Moore Capital! 
   In 2009 he lectured: ” The monetary union will work better in the next ten 
years than in the last ten years, considering the overall scheme of things”. 
Fees from EFSF bond issuance will be worth 1% of a likely $100bn of issuance to 
the big European banks and the likes of Goldman Sachs.   So they will be making 
good money out of the ‘bailout’ funding.

These bankers are now in charge because the elected leaders of the Greek and 
Italian people were unable to satisfy the demands of investors in their 
government bonds.  Europe’s banks, pension and insurance companies and hedge 
funds stopped buying government debt in Greece and Italy.  It’s not that the 
elected leaders did not try to meet the demands of the financial sector.  The 
social democrat leaders in Greece were prepared to face riots, strikes and 
opposition in their party to do the bidding of finance capital.  Italy’s centre 
left opposition is now allowing yet another draconian budget in to go through 
parliament on the nod this week.  But all their efforts were not enough to 
assuage the needs of their creditors.  Now the bankers prefer to have their own 
people directly in charge.

And what is the plan?  The bankers will insist on introducing more public sector 
spending cuts, higher taxes. massive privatisation of state assets and other 
measures to ensure that all the bonds held by the European financial sector are 
paid back in full and there is no default.  The Greeks have been allowed to 
default partially on 50% of the debts held by the private sector, but so that 
the average Greek still suffers a 30% reduction in living standards over the 
next decade.  Even that will not relieve Greece of its burden.  Government debt 
will still be at 120% of GDP by the end of the decade at best (probably more 
like 140%), keeping the burden of repayment on the backs of a whole generation 
of Greeks.  The Italians are facing the same treatment.  As one Italian citizen, 
Pietro Pappagallo, a 58 year-old from Bari, put it: “Im worried about my savings 
that could become waste paper.  All the efforts to put something aside and I 
won’t get anything for it.   I’ve already faced four changes of my pension.  I 
had planned my life out and now they say I have to work more.  As a father, I 
worry for my children, who will probably never have a pension.”

Finance capital wants to be paid in full (with the least amount of default on 
their investment).  But the Euro leaders also want what they see as profligate 
states like Greece and Italy to toe the line on fiscal prudence and run balanced 
budgets and get their debt down so that the burden of taxation on the profits of 
the capitalist sector can be reduced.  And they want the Eurozone to survive as 
the core of Europe’s prominence in world affairs.  The breakup of the euro would 
be disastrous for that.  But after the traumatic events of the last few months, 
they are now prepared to countenance the ousting of Greece from the euro unless 
they meet their fiscal targets and slash living standards for the Greek people. 
   But if Italy fails, then the euro would break up.  That is why the bankers 
have taken over.

The reality is that, despite all the efforts of the social democrat leaders in 
adopting ‘neo-liberal’ policies of fiscal austerity, privatisation, reduction in 
pension benefits and the destruction of the labour protection laws, Greece will 
still not meet the targets set by the Troika.  They are set to default outright 
in 2012.  Italy is different.  Although its government debt ratio is high by 
European levels, most of that debt is owed to Italian banks and not to 
foreigners; the government is already ‘balancing its books’ (if you exclude 
interest payments on the debt) and Italian capitalist industry can still sell 
things overseas.  So Italy can avoid default – at the expense of living 
standards, jobs and public services.

There is an alternative to this misery.  I have outlined it in previous posts 
(see An alternative programme for Europe, 11 September 2011).  Democratically 
elected governments in both countries should announce together that they are 
defaulting on all public sector debt held by the private sector.  If that busts 
their banks (as it would), they should be taken over with customer deposits 
protected and then run as public enterprises directed to lend to industry and 
households to boost investment and consumption.  Instead of slipping into a debt 
spiral that leads to economic recession (or continued depression as much of 
Europe is already in), recovery could be kickstarted by state-led investment. 
Of course, this is anathema to Europe’s capitalist leaders and capitalist 
sectors because it would threaten the profit-based economy they preside over. 
So instead, we shall have the bankers rule.