Liegen: een wetenschappelijke benadering

[H. van Meeteren]

REPLY TO: D66 at nic.surfnet.nl

Voor wie verder wil leren in het edele vak van liegen:

(citaat)

Evolutionists believe that deception is a perennial instrument of survival
(Myslobodsky, 1). In studying the role of
deception in our human ancestry, sociobiologists and ethologists are
turning from using prehistoric time human
ancestors (Barnes, 147). Instead, they are using evidence from contemporary
animals, particularly, non-human
primate species to inference our past (Barnes, 147).

Robert Mitchell has proposed a typology, in which he illustrates four
levels of deception (Barnes, 148). The lowest
observes plants and butterflies that deceive by appearance (Barnes, 148).
The second examines how some birds will
deceive with actions by feigning injury (Barnes, 148). At the next level,
animals are learning to deceive (Barnes, 148).
Dogs will fake an injured leg, because their human master will treat him
sympathetically (Barnes, 148).

--> The fourth and final level presents planned deception, which is
designed to deal with novel circumstances (Barnes, 149). Present at this
level are chimpanzees, baboons, and innumerable humans (Barnes, 149).

It is at the fourth level in which Machiavellian skill is needed (Barnes,
149). Machiavellian skill is the ability to take
account in deciding how to act, of likely responses of others (Barnes,
151). Along with Machiavellian skill, its relative
theories, and the ability to indulge in fantasy, lying becomes a feasible
option (Barnes, 152). <---

(einde citaat)



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Hein Westerouen van Meeteren

*Conflictbemiddeling/Mediation (NMI)
*Opleiding/Coaching
*Organisatie-advies/Consult

Amsterdam, Netherlands
+31 20 6201778

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